Table of Contents

• Incidentally Discovered Primary Renal Leiomyosarcoma in a Middle Aged Female Presenting with Symptoms of Incomplete Abortion: A Rare Case Report

  Rashi Maheshwari, Shikhar Chohan ... Sufian Zaheer

  Background Primary renal leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an exceptionally rare malignant mesenchymal tumor, constituting <1.5% of all primary renal malignancies. Diagnosis is difficult because clinical and radiologic features overlap with other renal neoplasms. Case Presentation We describe a 37-year-old woman, notably younger than the typical age reported for renal LMS, who presented with abnormal uteri...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 23 Sep 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Articles, Online First

  Full Text   PDF(1700KB)   Views：398Downloads：0

• A Diagnostic Twist: Primary Bladder Adenocarcinoma Masquerading as an Ovarian Torsion: A Case Report on Unusual Cystic Presentation

  Sonali Kar, Neeta Verma, Suren Kumar Das

  Primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA) is a rare malignancy comprising of only 0.5–2% of all bladder cancers and typically presents with nonspecific urinary symptoms. Cystic presentation is extremely uncommon and can mimic other pelvic pathologies. We report a very rare case of PBA in a 40-year-old female initially diagnosed as ovarian torsion based on clinical features and ultrasound findings. Intr...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 15 Sep 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Articles, Online First

  Full Text   PDF(2882KB)   Views：589Downloads：1

• Using Artificial Intelligence to Advance Renal Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Precision Medicine

  Darragh Walsh, Callum Hayes

  Renal cancer (RC) ranks tenth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and affects both men and women worldwide. This disease is a significant global health issue, highlighting the need for accurate and rapid diagnostic tools to guide treatment. Conventional pathological methods have drawbacks, such as extended evaluation procedures and inter-observer inconsistency. Recent developments in artif...

  REVIEW | Published: 02 Sep 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 59-67   PDF(2240KB)   Views：1071Downloads：7

• The Concomitant Use of Angiotensin System Inhibitors Predicts Favorable Prognosis for Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients

  Shuenqin Hu, Xiuying Li

  Previous data suggest that Angiotensin system inhibitors (ASIs) may exert antitumor effects; however, the findings remain controversial. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the association between concomitant use of ASIs and survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)....

  REVIEW | Published: 28 Aug 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 68-75   PDF(1020KB)   Views：615Downloads：5

• Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Cancer: Implications for Therapy

  Elena Tena Edo

  Kidney cancer, particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), has emerged as a paradigm for cancer metabolic reprogramming, exhibiting distinctive alterations that drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic dysregulation in kidney cancer, with emphasis on the central role of VHL...

  REVIEW | Published: 07 Aug 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 76-87   PDF(1290KB)   Views：1460Downloads：5

• Synthetic Lethality in Prostate Cancer: Evaluating the Role of PARP Inhibitors in BRCA-Mutated mCRPC

  Xinliang Xu, Minna Liu

  Prostate cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, often progresses to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) despite advances in treatment with androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and taxanes. Recent genomic studies have highlighted that alterations in DNA damage repair genes, notably BRCA1 and BRCA2, play a significant role in the progression of prosta...

  REVIEW | Published: 23 Jul 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 88-96   PDF(1310KB)   Views：2447Downloads：9

• Saliva-Based Polygenic Risk Scores and AI-Enhanced Imaging for Prostate Cancer Screening beyond PSA

  Fan Li, Xian Zhang

  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, long used for prostate cancer screening, is limited by poor specificity (~25%), leading to unnecessary biopsies in over 70% of cases and substantial healthcare costs. This review synthesizes recent evidence (2023–2025) on emerging non-invasive diagnostics—saliva-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) and artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced ...

  REVIEW | Published: 31 Jul 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 97-105   PDF(629KB)   Views：1876Downloads：4

• The Urological Subtleties of an Uncommon Encounter with Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder with Review of Literature

  Anuradha Pandit, Shaivy Malik ... Charanjeet Ahluwalia

  Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMA) of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, accounting for 0.5-2% of bladder malignancies. We report a case of a 52-year-old male presenting with urinary obstructive symptoms and hematuria. Imaging revealed a bladder mass, and histopathology confirmed muscle-invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with characteristic mucin pools and signet ring cells. I...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 07 Aug 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 106-115   PDF(1810KB)   Views：716Downloads：7

• Immunotherapies to Nano-Immunotherapies: Advances in Immune Targeting in Bladder Cancer

  Beatriz Ramos, Dakota Rogers

  Bladder cancer is among most common malignancies worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatment strategies for bladder cancer include transurethral resection, radical cystectomy and chemotherapy. However, the complex immune landscape of bladder cancer involves innate and adaptive immune components that either promote or suppress tumor progression. Upregulation of check...

  REVIEW | Published: 05 Feb 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 1-11   PDF(1670KB)   Views：1903Downloads：21

• Advancements in Research on Non-AR- Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

  Haq Dad, Asger Hansen

  Prostate cancer (Pca) is a significant malignancy affecting men's health, with its incidence steadily increasing worldwide in recent years. Among its various subtypes, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) holds particular importance due to its pivotal role in the progression and management of Pca. The treatment options for Pca range from surgery to medication. However, the mechanisms underl...

  REVIEW | Published: 27 Dec 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 12-20   PDF(1200KB)   Views：2244Downloads：18

• Advances in Illuminating Prostate Cancer with Emerging Phototherapies

  Ali Usman

  Prostate cancer is a worldwide health concern in men, with substantially high incidence rate and advanced metastatic disease-related mortality rates. Despite advancements in diagnostics and treatment options, conventional therapies for prostate cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, face limitations such as treatment resistance, limited precision an...

  REVIEW | Published: 31 Jan 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 21-29   PDF(2220KB)   Views：4074Downloads：17

• A Potential Role of MicroRNA in the Renal Cancer and Its Tumor Microenvironment

  Daniel Chikere Ali, Siva Bharath Merugu

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2.2% of all diagnosed cancers and 1.8% of cancer-related deaths. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent subtype of RCC, accounting for approximately 70–80% of all cases. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic strategies over recent decades, treatment outcomes for ccRCC patients remain suboptimal. Prognosis for in...

  REVIEW | Published: 29 Jan 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 30-39   PDF(1930KB)   Views：2041Downloads：9

• Metabolic Supremacy Fuels Tumor Aggressiveness in Renal Cancer

  Reham Gholam, Muhammad Khalilzad

  Renal cell carcinoma, with clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) being the dominant form, is recognized as a malignancy driven by abnormal metabolic processes, with extensive alterations in glucose, lipid, and amino acid pathways. The loss of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in nearly 90% of ccRCC instances results in the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), producing a pseudo-hypoxic en...

  REVIEW | Published: 02 Mar 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 40-49   PDF(1910KB)   Views：2003Downloads：8

• Involvement of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling in Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression and Therapeutic Implication

  Ghulam Raza, Kareem Khan

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the common type of kidney cancer linked to alteration of lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. Early stage RCC has prognosis with overall 5-year survival rate of 90%, and the RCC has unfavorable prognosis when the disease metastasizes. Loss of or carrying mutated tumor suppressor gene VHL is the cause of HIF elevation leading to initiation of RCC. The epidermal g...

  REVIEW | Published: 23 Mar 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 50-58   PDF(1125KB)   Views：1907Downloads：9

• Reliability and Preliminary Validation of a Body Image Scale Survey for Use in Bladder Cancer Patients

  Ava Saidian, Hannah G Hingtgen ... Amirali Salmasi

  Extirpative bladder surgery for bladder cancer requires urinary diversion which causes cosmetic and functional changes that affect a patient’s body image and quality of life. Current health-related quality of life (HRQOL) surveys validated for use in bladder cancer patients have no dedicated domain evaluating body image. We sought to validate the ten-item Body Image Scale (BIS) for use in bladder ...

  RESEARCH | Published: 13 Oct 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 7 (2024), Issue 4

  Pages: 143-147   PDF(448KB)   Views：2096Downloads：26

• Basic Study on Gene Biology of Bladder Cancer Metastasis

  Clara Joseph

  Bladder cancer is a complex disease with distinct treatment approaches based on its progression. For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, the primary treatment method involves complete tumor resection, followed by immunotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, and regular monitoring. In cases of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, a multimodal approach-including radical cystectomy and neoadjuvant chemother...

  REVIEW | Published: 13 Nov 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 7 (2024), Issue 4

  Pages: 148-157   PDF(1090KB)   Views：1197Downloads：16

• The Role of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential

  Kirk Gallego

  Renal cancer ranks as the 14th most common cancer globally, with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) being the primary variant, arising from renal tubular epithelial cells; clear cell RCC constitutes about 80% of cases. Despite their limitations, surgery and targeted therapy remain the mainstays of RCC treatment. Regardless of advancements in RCC research, substantial obstacles continue to exist, such as d...

  REVIEW | Published: 17 Nov 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 7 (2024), Issue 4

  Pages: 158-167   PDF(2050KB)   Views：1270Downloads：17

• Advances in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Options and Emerging Novel Approaches

  Nasser S Alanazi, Mohammed H Alrafiah

  Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant malignancy in men, contributing considerably to the rise in male mortality rates worldwide. Men diagnosed with PCa may have either localized or advanced stages of the disease. Globally, it ranks as the second most common and fifth most aggressive cancer type in males. The likelihood of developing prostate cancer in a man’s lifetime is approximately one in sev...

  REVIEW | Published: 26 Oct 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 7 (2024), Issue 4

  Pages: 168-176   PDF(1310KB)   Views：1667Downloads：20

• Research Progress of AR Gene Family in Prostate Cancer Therapy

  Maham Khan

  Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy originating from the epithelial cells of the prostate gland, strongly influenced by androgens, and is one of the most common cancers in men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, after prolonged ADT treatment, nearly all patients experience an increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and tumor regro...

  REVIEW | Published: 18 Oct 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 7 (2024), Issue 4

  Pages: 177-184   PDF(1120KB)   Views：1406Downloads：15

• Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Prostate Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cell Niche

  Pranathi Konda, Merrel Holley, Vinoth Kumar Lakshmanan

  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), has gained attention in recent years as a potential adjunct to conventional cancer treatments, particularly in addressing tumor hypoxia which is extensively employed as a post-injury treatment, is the administration of >92% oxygen at 1.5- 3.0 ATA for 60-120 minutes. HBOT is attributed to at least five mechanisms including epigenetic regulation of gene expression, ...

  REVIEW | Published: 12 Dec 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 7 (2024), Issue 4

  Pages: 185-194   PDF(1698KB)   Views：7566Downloads：65