Table of Contents

• Testicular Carcinoma: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Advances, and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies

  Aadhira Aiyar, Alina Roos

  Testicular carcinoma is the most common solid tumor in young male patients. Despite a high rate of survival, current treatments come with significant long-term toxicities, highlighting the need for more precise diagnostics and therapies. The current review focuses on the molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic development and evolving treatments of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). TGCTs arise from ...

  REVIEW | Published: 30 Nov 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 4

  Pages: 167-176   PDF(1340KB)   Views：305Downloads：3

• Evolving Precision Therapy Paradigm against Adrenocortical Carcinoma

  Declan Moore, Wayway Li

  Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive endocrine cancer type, posing significant clinical challenges due to its diverse molecular features and poor treatment outcomes. At the molecular level, abnormalities in pathways, such as IGF2 signaling, Wnt/β-catenin activation, cell-cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling, and steroidogenesis have been implicated in...

  REVIEW | Published: 20 Dec 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 4

  Pages: 177-187   PDF(2720KB)   Views：116Downloads：1

• Non-Histone Chromatin Protein Dysregulation: The Oncogenic Role of HMGB1 and Its Redox States in ccRCC Inflammation and Genome Instability

  Betty Alex

  High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is non-histone chromatin protein that plays important roles in maintaining nuclear architecture, transcriptional modulation, DNA replication, chromatin restructuring and DNA damage repair. In addition to its classical nuclear roles, HMGB1 predominantly functions as an extracellular alarmin and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signal that stimulates vario...

  REVIEW | Published: 22 Dec 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 4

  Pages: 188-199   PDF(1270KB)   Views：97Downloads：1

• Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET-CT: Revolutionizing Staging, Restaging, and Treatment Response Assessment

  Theo Smith, Mia Harper

  Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT), has become the benchmark imaging tool in the management of prostate cancer, due to its unparalleled precision in staging, restaging and assessing of treatment response. Traditional imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone scintigraphy, suffer f...

  REVIEW | Published: 28 Dec 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 4

  Pages: 200-210   PDF(1160KB)   Views：62Downloads：2

• Epigenetic Alterations and Chromatin Landscape Remodeling in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Molecular Drivers, Biomarker Potential, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

  Amr Abd-Elraheem Abdo, Ahmed Mohamed Kamel

  Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UBC) is a heterogeneous disease from the clinicopathologic and molecular standpoint and presents clinical management problems for its range in progression, frequent recurrence and complicated genetic/epigenetic architecture. Not only traditional genetic changes, but also epigenetic dysregulation (e.g., alterations of chromatin remodeling, histone modification a...

  REVIEW | Published: 10 Dec 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 4

  Pages: 211-221   PDF(3150KB)   Views：223Downloads：1

• Incidentally Discovered Primary Renal Leiomyosarcoma in a Middle Aged Female Presenting with Symptoms of Incomplete Abortion: A Rare Case Report

  Rashi Maheshwari, Shikhar Chohan ... Sufian Zaheer

  Background Primary renal leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an exceptionally rare malignant mesenchymal tumor, constituting <1.5% of all primary renal malignancies. Diagnosis is difficult because clinical and radiologic features overlap with other renal neoplasms. Case Presentation We describe a 37-year-old woman, notably younger than the typical age reported for renal LMS, who presented with abnormal uteri...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 23 Sep 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 3

  Pages: 116-121   PDF(1700KB)   Views：936Downloads：4

• Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Bone Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review

  Madhu Mitha, Sindhu Ramamurthy ... Pushpa Bhari Thippeswamy

  Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC) is a recently characterized renal neoplasm, typically indolent, with rare instances of metastasis. We report an 85-year-old male patient presenting with left knee pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an osteolytic lesion in the left proximal tibia. Subsequent imaging identified a primary renal mass with renal vein thrombosis. ...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 28 Nov 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 3

  Pages: 122-126   PDF(3140KB)   Views：278Downloads：4

• Exploiting Metabolic Reprogramming and Its Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Prostate Cancer

  Ukasha Ahmed

  Prostate cancer is a metabolically distinct malignancy as it exhibits strong flexibility in how it uses energy and perform physiological processes. In contrast to many solid tumors which mostly depend on aerobic glycolysis, the primary prostate cancer cells still depend mainly on oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy supply. This unique metabolic pattern is mainly...

  REVIEW | Published: 18 Nov 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 3

  Pages: 127-137   PDF(2560KB)   Views：921Downloads：7

• Precision Medicine in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Molecular Diagnostics and Targeted Therapies

  Amira Guedouar, Enas Roumieh

  Prostate cancer is a major health problem in the world, and it has been complicated by the fact that the illness is quite heterogeneous. In the past, the use of PSA testing and histopathological grading has been constrained by failure to reliably distinguish between indolent and aggressive cancer. In this review, the concept of a fundamental change in the field of prostate cancer treatment, facili...

  REVIEW | Published: 21 Nov 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 3

  Pages: 138-149   PDF(2680KB)   Views：495Downloads：5

• A Diagnostic Twist: Primary Bladder Adenocarcinoma Masquerading as an Ovarian Torsion: A Case Report on Unusual Cystic Presentation

  Sonali Kar, Neeta Verma, Suren Kumar Das

  Primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA) is a rare malignancy comprising of only 0.5–2% of all bladder cancers and typically presents with nonspecific urinary symptoms. Cystic presentation is extremely uncommon and can mimic other pelvic pathologies. We report a very rare case of PBA in a 40-year-old female initially diagnosed as ovarian torsion based on clinical features and ultrasound findings. Intr...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 15 Sep 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 3

  Pages: 150-155   PDF(2882KB)   Views：1020Downloads：2

• Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms in Bladder Cancer: The Impact of Immunotherapy and Antibody-Drug Conjugates

  Shahd Mustafa Ibrahim, Ahmed Attia Ahmed Abdelmoaty, Ahmed Helmy Abdelhaseb

  Bladder cancer is a significant global health challenge. Despite advances in surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy over the decades, limited improvements in clinical outcomes have been observed. However, recent years have witnessed the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that has transformed the therapeutic landscape of bladder cancer across dif...

  REVIEW | Published: 24 Oct 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 3

  Pages: 156-166   PDF(1660KB)   Views：717Downloads：6

• Using Artificial Intelligence to Advance Renal Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Precision Medicine

  Darragh Walsh, Callum Hayes

  Renal cancer (RC) ranks tenth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and affects both men and women worldwide. This disease is a significant global health issue, highlighting the need for accurate and rapid diagnostic tools to guide treatment. Conventional pathological methods have drawbacks, such as extended evaluation procedures and inter-observer inconsistency. Recent developments in artif...

  REVIEW | Published: 02 Sep 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 59-67   PDF(2240KB)   Views：2215Downloads：12

• The Concomitant Use of Angiotensin System Inhibitors Predicts Favorable Prognosis for Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients

  Shuenqin Hu, Xiuying Li

  Previous data suggest that Angiotensin system inhibitors (ASIs) may exert antitumor effects; however, the findings remain controversial. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the association between concomitant use of ASIs and survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)....

  REVIEW | Published: 28 Aug 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 68-75   PDF(1020KB)   Views：1191Downloads：11

• Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Cancer: Implications for Therapy

  Elena Tena Edo

  Kidney cancer, particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), has emerged as a paradigm for cancer metabolic reprogramming, exhibiting distinctive alterations that drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic dysregulation in kidney cancer, with emphasis on the central role of VHL...

  REVIEW | Published: 07 Aug 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 76-87   PDF(1290KB)   Views：2929Downloads：13

• Synthetic Lethality in Prostate Cancer: Evaluating the Role of PARP Inhibitors in BRCA-Mutated mCRPC

  Xinliang Xu, Minna Liu

  Prostate cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, often progresses to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) despite advances in treatment with androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and taxanes. Recent genomic studies have highlighted that alterations in DNA damage repair genes, notably BRCA1 and BRCA2, play a significant role in the progression of prosta...

  REVIEW | Published: 23 Jul 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 88-96   PDF(1310KB)   Views：5146Downloads：17

• Saliva-Based Polygenic Risk Scores and AI-Enhanced Imaging for Prostate Cancer Screening beyond PSA

  Fan Li, Xian Zhang

  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, long used for prostate cancer screening, is limited by poor specificity (~25%), leading to unnecessary biopsies in over 70% of cases and substantial healthcare costs. This review synthesizes recent evidence (2023–2025) on emerging non-invasive diagnostics—saliva-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) and artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced ...

  REVIEW | Published: 31 Jul 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 97-105   PDF(629KB)   Views：3649Downloads：12

• The Urological Subtleties of an Uncommon Encounter with Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder with Review of Literature

  Anuradha Pandit, Shaivy Malik ... Charanjeet Ahluwalia

  Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMA) of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, accounting for 0.5-2% of bladder malignancies. We report a case of a 52-year-old male presenting with urinary obstructive symptoms and hematuria. Imaging revealed a bladder mass, and histopathology confirmed muscle-invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with characteristic mucin pools and signet ring cells. I...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 07 Aug 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 2

  Pages: 106-115   PDF(1810KB)   Views：1241Downloads：14

• Immunotherapies to Nano-Immunotherapies: Advances in Immune Targeting in Bladder Cancer

  Beatriz Ramos, Dakota Rogers

  Bladder cancer is among most common malignancies worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatment strategies for bladder cancer include transurethral resection, radical cystectomy and chemotherapy. However, the complex immune landscape of bladder cancer involves innate and adaptive immune components that either promote or suppress tumor progression. Upregulation of check...

  REVIEW | Published: 05 Feb 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 1-11   PDF(1670KB)   Views：2716Downloads：26

• Advancements in Research on Non-AR- Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

  Haq Dad, Asger Hansen

  Prostate cancer (Pca) is a significant malignancy affecting men's health, with its incidence steadily increasing worldwide in recent years. Among its various subtypes, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) holds particular importance due to its pivotal role in the progression and management of Pca. The treatment options for Pca range from surgery to medication. However, the mechanisms underl...

  REVIEW | Published: 27 Dec 2024

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 12-20   PDF(1200KB)   Views：2900Downloads：26

• Advances in Illuminating Prostate Cancer with Emerging Phototherapies

  Ali Usman

  Prostate cancer is a worldwide health concern in men, with substantially high incidence rate and advanced metastatic disease-related mortality rates. Despite advancements in diagnostics and treatment options, conventional therapies for prostate cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, face limitations such as treatment resistance, limited precision an...

  REVIEW | Published: 31 Jan 2025

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 8 (2025), Issue 1

  Pages: 21-29   PDF(2220KB)   Views：5442Downloads：26