All Articles

• REVIEW  |  02 Jul 2019

  Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Bladder: Recent Advances

  JIM HSU, JAE Y. RO. The 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the urothelial tract recently revised the classification of invasive urothelial carcinoma to include nested, microcystic, micropapillary, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, giant cell, and poorly differentiated variants, among others. In particular, invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is now recognized as a distinct entity with aggressive f...

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• CASE REPORT  |  08 May 2019

  IgG4 Related Disease of Epididymis, Mimicking Testicular Malignancy – A Rare Entity

  LEELA KRISHNA, SRIRAM KRISHNAMOORTHY, HARIHARASUDHAN SEKAR, SUSRUTHAN MURALI, et al. Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro inflammatory condition that usually presents with multiorgan involvement. We present a rare case of 54 year old male with an isolated IgG4-RD of epididymis. The patient presented with a progressive swelling of the left testicle. A clin...

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• REVIEW  |  05 Apr 2019

  Noncoding RNAs and Its Implication as Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Analysis

  SHIV VERMA, SANJAY GUPTA . Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most devastating disease with higher mortality rates. It comprises several subtypes exhibiting distinct histological features and clinical staging. Despite recent advancement in understanding the biology of RCC success in treatment rates remains dismal. This may be partly due to lack of specific biomarkers for earl...

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• REVIEW  |  16 Mar 2019

  Ovarian-type Tumors (Mullerian Tumors) of the Testis: Clinicopathologic Findings with Recent Advances

  MICHELLE S LIN, ALBERTO G AYALA, JAE Y RO. Ovarian-type epithelial tumors rarely occur in the human testis and paratesticular region. Histologically, these tumors closely resemble their ovarian counterparts and are therefore classified similarly to ovarian epithelial tumors. Most reported ovarian-type tumor cases are serous tumors, but the full spectrum of ovarian neoplasms has be...

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• REVIEW  |  15 Mar 2019

  Intraductal Carcinoma of Prostate (IDC-P), Grade Group, and Molecular Pathology: Recent Advances and Practical Implication

  ASHWYNA SUNASSEE, GHADAH AI SANNAA, JAE Y. RO. The Gleason grading system for prostatic carcinoma is widely used internationally and is based on microscopic architectural patterns of tumors. Over the years, there have been modifications to the original grading system established by Donald F Gleason in 1966 and refined in 1974 which have subsequently been established by the World ...

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• REVIEW  |  24 Jan 2019

  Progress in Research on Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Bladder Cancer

  WEI-MING FANG, CHUN CHEN. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) was first discovered in 1987 and confirmed to be a protein that is mainly expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes. CTLA-4 is expressed on the surface of T cells and binds to B7 expressed on antigen presenting cells(APCs) to potentially play a role in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Inhi...

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