Table of Contents

• Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: State of Art and Future Perspectives

  Riccardo Mastroianni, Giuseppe Simone

  Bladder cancer (BC) remains one of the most common cancer worldwide. Radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) with urinary diversion (UD) is still considered the gold standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and for recurrent non-muscle invasive disease. The open approach remains the reference option of treatment for RC, even if robotic sur...

  REVIEW | Published: 26 Dec 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2

  Pages: 50-56   PDF(6080Kb)   Views：2137Downloads：2

• Progress in Research on Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Bladder Cancer

  Wei-Ming Fang, Chun Chen

  Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) was first discovered in 1987 and confirmed to be a protein that is mainly expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes. CTLA-4 is expressed on the surface of T cells and binds to B7 expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs) to potentially play a role in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Inhibitors of CTLA-4 were developed to promote t...

  REVIEW | Published: 24 Jan 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2

  Pages: 57-63   PDF(781KB)   Views：4054Downloads：5

• Measurement of DNA Damage in Bladder Cancer Patients by Alkaline Comet Assay

  Jahidul Islam, Yearul Kabir

  Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. This is the first attempt to use alkaline comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in Bangladeshi bladder cancer patients. The results of this study may emphasize to use ACA for routine DNA damage detection, which could be used as a prognostic biomarker of bladder cancer....

  RESEARCH | Published: 29 Dec 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2

  Pages: 64-70   PDF(1020Kb)   Views：2716Downloads：1

• Immunotherapy Landscape in Prostate Cancer: Successes, Failures and Promises

  Sabeeh-ur-Rehman Butt, Muhammad S Khan ... Anna Patrikidou

  As research focus in oncology has recently shifted to immunomodulation, the era of introduction of immunotherapeutic agents in the management of prostate cancer has just begun. With the success of checkpoint blockade drugs in certain advanced tumours, ongoing efforts are aimed at identification and validation of new actionable immune targets to consolidate and expand the initial success in other t...

  REVIEW | Published: 15 Sep 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2

  Pages: 71-88   PDF(1680KB)   Views：4065Downloads：3

• Mutations in Cancer Driver Genes: An Insight into Prostate Cancer Progression

  Sahdeo Prasad, Sanjay K Srivastava

  Prostate cancer is one of the most common uro-oncological disease in men and is globally leading cause of cancer related deaths in males. The somatic mutation has a strong link in the occurrence of cancer. Mutation in the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that alter key cellular functions can lead to prostate cancer initiation and progression. Whole genome sequencing has identified numerous gen...

  REVIEW | Published: 22 Sep 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2

  Pages: 89-95    PDF(568KB)   Views：3550Downloads：3

• Noncoding RNAs and Its Implication as Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Analysis

  Shiv Verma, Sanjay Gupta

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most devastating disease with higher mortality rates. It comprises several subtypes exhibiting distinct histological features and clinical staging. Despite recent advancement in understanding the biology of RCC success in treatment rates remains dismal. This may be partly due to lack of specific biomarkers for early detection/prognosis and poor clinical out...

  REVIEW | Published: 05 Apr 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2

  Pages: 96-106   PDF(1210KB)   Views：3400Downloads：4

• The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Prostate Carcinogenesis: A Follow-Up Study

  Wei Chen, Liwei Jia ... Gregory T. MacLennan

  To investigate the role of chronic inflammation in prostatic carcinogenesis with an emphasis on cancers of grade group 2 or above. Our findings provide additional data supporting a role for chronic inflammation in the development of prostatic adenocarcinoma....

  RESEARCH | Published: 23 Jan 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 1

  Pages: 1-8    PDF(4840KB)   Views：3302Downloads：3

• Intraductal Carcinoma of Prostate (IDC-P), Grade Group, and Molecular Pathology: Recent Advances and Practical Implication

  Ashwyna Sunassee, Ghadah Al Sannaa, Jae Y. Ro

  The Gleason grading system for prostatic carcinoma is widely used internationally and is based on microscopic architectural patterns of tumors. Over the years, there have been modifications to the original grading system established by Donald F Gleason in 1966 and refined in 1974 which have subsequently been established by the World ...

  REVIEW | Published: 15 Mar 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 1

  Pages: 9-18    PDF(3360KB)   Views：5312Downloads：4

• Trends in Primary Kidney Cancer: A South Australian Registry Review

  Richard Hoffmann, Arman Kahokehr ... Darren Foreman

  During 1977-2013 there were 5529 cases of PKC diagnosed. Mean overall survival was 70.6 months (standard deviation 80.2). The age adjusted incidence of PKC has increased from 5 per 100,000 to 12.7 per 100,000. However, CSS and OS has significantly improved at each decade of diagnosis since 1977 (p<0.001)....

  RESEARCH | Published: 05 Nov 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 1

  Pages: 19-25   PDF(990KB)   Views：3030Downloads：2

• Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Bladder: Recent Advances

  Jim Hsu, Jae Y. Ro

  The 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the urothelial tract recently revised the classification of invasive urothelial carcinoma to include nested, microcystic, micropapillary, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, giant cell, and poorly differentiated variants, among others. In particular, invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is now recognized as a distinct entity with aggressive f...

  REVIEW | Published: 02 Jul 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 1

  Pages: 26-35   PDF(4610KB)   Views：6651Downloads：4

• Ovarian-type Tumors (Mullerian Tumors) of the Testis: Clinicopathologic Findings with Recent Advances

  Michelle S Lin, Alberto G Ayala, Jae Y Ro

  Ovarian-type epithelial tumors rarely occur in the human testis and paratesticular region. Histologically, these tumors closely resemble their ovarian counterparts and are therefore classified similarly to ovarian epithelial tumors. Most reported ovarian-type tumor cases are serous tumors, but the full spectrum of ovarian neoplasms has be...

  REVIEW | Published: 16 Mar 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 1

  Pages: 36-45   PDF(1718KB)   Views：3776Downloads：4

• IgG4 Related Disease of Epididymis, Mimicking Testicular Malignancy – A Rare Entity

  Leela Krishna, Sriram Krishnamoorthy ... Natarajan Kumaresan

  Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro inflammatory condition that usually presents with multiorgan involvement. We present a rare case of 54 year old male with an isolated IgG4-RD of epididymis. The patient presented with a progressive swelling of the left testicle. ...

  CASE REPORT | Published: 08 May 2019

  Annals of Urologic Oncology, Volume 2 (2019), Issue 1

  Pages: 46-49   PDF(1470KB)   Views：4031Downloads：4